[ I sent Craig the standard invitation plus a request for permission
 [ to post our initial conversation (see above).
 [
 [ Here's his "real" introduction.  Please welcome aboard Craig Brougher
 [
 [ Jody

Hi Jody,¶
        Thanks for signing me on. True to form, I haven't the slightest idea yet how
to download any of these articles in your list, yet, but I'll bet you'll tell
me.

You are welcome to use those letters I sent to you any way you wish. If you
think they adequately describe me, that's fine. But I can give you a short
synopsis right here.

        I have been rebuilding automatic instruments for about 30 years or so. My
first project was to turn an old Standard Player piano into an Ampico upright
by taking the principles I had learned from literature and the TB scale. At
that time, I had never seen or heard one. It turned out very successfully.
That old player is still around, somewhere.¶
        I restored my first player for a "customer" in about 1969. Again, I had no
inkling what I was getting into. It was an old glued up Gulbransen. It was a
little rough compared to how I do them today, but it played very well with the
pedals. The success was apparently noted around town because I started getting
calls right after that.¶
        I first learned how to restore pianos and the fine points of regulation. I
already knew the art of fine finishing, so I was able to put a factory piano
finish on an instrument as well as a number of other kinds of finishing and
repairs. So as I studied player actions I added to my experience and learned
it by looking at them from the designer's standpoint.¶
        The only players I didn't work on were the things like Cicilian with metal
valves that had decomposed. I built a lot of stacks though, including
experimental ones, and never rebuilt anything that I didn't fully restore
every speck of soft working material in it. I discovered that old valve
leather is tight, as long as it isn't used very much. But once the vacuum is
reapplied and the pouches begin to force the valves off their inside seats
again, dry rotted leather begins to get pulled apart internally since its
surface is sucked down to the inside seat while its poppet is being pushed
away. This delaminates rotted leather in a hurry, and the player simply stops
dead. (if each valve only leaked as much as a # 70 bleed in total seepage, the
result is the same as drilling a 1/4" hole through the stack.)¶
        I studied the characteristics of all kinds of player valves, and redid a lot
of my own rebuilds and adjustments in those first years, but I learned
invaluable lessons regarding valves. I built test equipment to measure
everything on a practical basis. I could test everything completely before I
installed it, so I seldom ever had to go back and do anything over again. Then
I started to actually make some money rebuilding. It took a lot of time to get
equipped, first, though.¶
        Today, I can set up the expressions of a Duo-Art on the bench and it will be
almost perfect with the stack before it is ever played. I discovered that
almost everything I read about valves was totally wrong, and even today we are
still reading just a rehash of the same nonsense. If a player is anything, it
is valves.¶
        During the early '80s, before remarrying, I repaired/restored 49 reproducing
players in the customer's own homes. I slept in one of their beds, ate their
food, and didn't leave until I had each one playing perfectly. They enjoyed
seeing the internal boxes opened up right in front of them (since they had
already paid once for this service, usually less than five years ago). In
every case, either some or all of the valves had never been touched. Their
former rebuilders will never be revealed, but I learned that the cost of a
rebuild has NOTHING to do with quality and thoroughness! In most cases, these
people paid 300% more for a slick-looking repair job than I was charging for a
total restoration, and in each case, were told that everything had been
replaced.¶
        I remember one XR Steinway sold to a customer in Florida for about 20K that
had the original materials in the pump and the original cloth strips across
the valve shelves. It had new covers and hoses, was all. This was a little
worse than the typical "fully restored" reproducer, but was passed off by a
very well known rebuilder. It is this kind of dishonesty that is presently
discouraging collectors and shutting down the demand for rolls and new music.
(Owners have become very disillusioned with the performances of almost all
reproducers that they have heard.)¶
        As time went on, I built a number of Orchestrions as well as restoring the
old ones. Some were done according to the owner's budget, but most were
totally restored. A particularly interesting project was a Mills Violano which
came to me in boxes, and which I knew nothing about, initially. It is, to this
day, the best violano I have ever heard, but then again, I'm very prejudiced
toward that particular machine. I decided after that exercise that never again
would I attempt one. I'll leave them to the expert machinist/specialists Like
Ralph Schultz and Terry Haughawout who helped me over the rough spots. I
strongly recommend these two experts on the Mills.¶
        A pneumatic reproducer is able to outplay any commercially available MIDI
piano. It's dynamics range from pp or ppp to ffff, whereas, the MIDI piano
seems to have a useful range of between p and mf, albeit 128 levels therein.¶
        I like to give this example: The solenoid used to play most instruments will
last perhaps 10-15 seconds when it is turned on full power (mf). Then it burns
up and destroys its neighbors as well as the board that drives it. If that
same solenoid were given a "very soft" (pp) impulse, it would not even move
the key, so it has a threshold sensitivity below which it cannot function.
Most reproducer pneumatics will support over 10 lbs (most support 15#) at 40"
H2O. Granted, piano keys play by impulse, but force is a required  factor of
the impulse formula. (dt being the other) This makes most MIDI instruments
"Salon style" instruments, whether they are playing Chopin or Elton John.¶
        My interest in MIDI is primarily as an interface to introduce to the great
old pneumatic reproducers and Orchestrions a host of new and exciting music. A
properly restored pneumatic reproducer will amaze any musician who hears it
because it is so lifelike and because it is live music on a powerful, acoustic
piano which uses as its enclosure and audio characteristics the room as well
as the persons listening to it. The mind recognizes this intimacy, and
understands that it is actually a part of the live performance-- as opposed to
a set of speakers doing their own thing.¶
        Children in a home with a player piano early-on will be gifted with a sense
of music, and often be able to exercise this gift as well. Given a set of
speakers and boxes of CDs, nothing too amazing happens. But when kids grow up
playing a player piano, there's no such thing as a tin ear.¶
        I presently own an "O" roll Orchestrion and an Ampico "B" Chickering.¶
        I don't believe that MIDI can fully replace the player roll. There is another
intimacy achieved when the eye and ear collaborate as you watch a roll and
sing the words to the song. I think that we should no longer do as our
forefathers have done, discarding the old for the new, and then wishing three
decades later that we had not pitched everything out. Each medium deserves
respect, and each mutually excels the other in so many ways. One medium is
exceptional in concertizing. Another is unsurpassed in being able to teach, to
enjoy a one-on-one relationship with, and to become the basis from which new
utilities will always spring.¶
        The way to sell this is the way it was always sold successfully-- high
quality, powerful, resonant tone, beautiful instruments, and brilliant
arrangements. Quality, Quality, Quality. Improvements are the order of the
day. We can make it irresistible! That is done by continual encouragement,
constructive criticism, and collaboration. I have a saying that has helped me
a lot: "If it isn't challenging, profitable, and FUN, then you're doing
something wrong."¶
        It is a pleasure to be a member of a group who loves the music, the artistry,
and the technology of the hobby, and not just how extensive their collection
may be, or how they "stole" this or that instrument. I believe Automatic Music
Digest is a perfect forum.¶
        Player Pianos are the happiest machines that have ever been devised. They
have been around for hundreds of years, but only in this century has it been
possible to own one manufactured for sale. Now what we need is MUSIC and lots
of it! When people hear what these instruments are able to do, the demand will
become insatiable.¶
                Yours Truly,

Craig Brougher¶
craig_brougher@msn.com