Here's my method for recording organ barrels, adapted to discs:

1. Lay a piece of smooth paper (freezer paper waxed on one side is
excellent).

2. Lay disk on paper, smooth (projectionless) side
down.

3. Secure paper to disk with 3 pieces sticky tape.

4. Flip it and take a gentle "rubbing" using a very soft lead pencil,
honed to a ROUNDED point (using sandpaper).

5. BEFORE separating paper & disk, examine rubbing to ensure that holes
are well recorded.

6. Immediately after separating, write on the paper all the pertinent
information from the disk, including make and size.

7. File it, photocopy, whatever.

8. Experiment.  With a gentle hand and soft crayon, it may be quite
possible to record the projections rather than the holes.  Just be
careful to get it properly "registered".