In Mr. Jan Kijlstra's fine article about the voicing of Dutch organs,
he has, quite inadvertently I'm sure, created a nomenclature problem
which may cause confusion or misunderstanding in American readers.

In American practice, the word 'celest' refers to two ranks of pipes
(or reeds) tuned slightly apart, so that the resultant beat produces a
wavering or tremolo effect.  He mentions this device several times, and
how it can be used to good effect in organ music.

However, elsewhere in the article, he defines 'celeste' as a narrow-scaled
violin pipe (gamba or salicional), tuned straight and played in the
melody.  This threw me off until I got to the end of the text.

Richard Vance

 [ I searched for an explanation of Celest/Celeste in the book,
 [ "Dictionary of Musical Terms", written in 1895.  It says simply,
 [ "An organ stop producing a sweet, veiled tone."  There is no mention
 [ of the "keyboard glockenspiel" celeste, either.
 [
 [ Organbuilder Frederic Keller, a protege' of Carl Frei, uses "Celeste"
 [ and "Bourdon" interchangeably in his writing.  Accordions also have a
 [ "Celeste" stop of de-tuned double reeds.