I read recently that playing a violin automatically was the holy
grail of automatic musical instruments.  Looking at a few places,
it looks like it was nearly a dead heat between Hupfeld and Mills.
Who got there first?

There is a lot of discussion about how Ampico and Duo-Art work but
not much about Hupfeld and Mills.  I understand both had some sort
of expression on the piano and the violin(s) but to what degree?
Mills was electric (100 vdc!) and Hupfeld pneumatic (yes/no)?
Where can I find a good web reference?

Books are very hard to come by and often way out of my budget so
online references and discussion here would be very interesting.

Thank you,

Bill Budenholzer